https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#Head https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#assertion https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#provenance https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#pubinfo https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#assertion http://id.crossref.org/issn/2451-8492 http://purl.org/dc/terms/title Data Science https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract Sarcasm is a linguistic phenomenon often indicating a disparity between literal and inferred meanings. Due to its complexity, it is typically difficult to discern it within an online text message. Consequently, in recent years sarcasm detection has received considerable attention from both academia and industry. Nevertheless, the majority of current approaches simply model low-level indicators of sarcasm in various machine learning algorithms. This paper aims to present sarcasm in a new light by utilizing novel indicators in a deep weighted average ensemble-based framework (DWAEF). The novel indicators pertain to exploiting the presence of simile and metaphor in text and detecting the subtle shift in tone at a sentence’s structural level. A graph neural network (GNN) structure is implemented to detect the presence of simile, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) embeddings are exploited to detect metaphorical instances and fuzzy logic is employed to account for the shift of tone. To account for the existence of sarcasm, the DWAEF integrates the inputs from the novel indicators. The performance of the framework is evaluated on a self-curated dataset of online text messages. A comparative report between the results acquired using primitive features and those obtained using a combination of primitive features and proposed indicators is provided. The highest accuracy of 92% was achieved after applying DWAEF, the proposed framework which combines the primitive features and novel indicators together as compared to 78.58% obtained using Support Vector Machine (SVM) which was the lowest among all classifiers. https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/date 2023 https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA8iM6IOJKIRf9JjPSnAvS9IiPeZQbygcfxtSiNUFTyQk https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RAFQqtRCeujJ-GKiNi15O5lg5Cz4LQr9igb_3MVHHH0jA https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RAJmkUsuqwZlxwHWf7zaWrLmJdkUV2sQm8VemzOLI2G_U https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RAKN2Y56DjlJHRGLK75_vK0Aa7_jl6PwENnzHkqroL-QA https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RAWGGVLXzMzwXnP-mtzD2uSAnlGpEWNDW8ozekwm75Gws https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RAjv7gokQrjRs4NImryJuzhtPRH6ZDl1tRNFPqOz4N6hU https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RAwzy9MYRt4Ap7tsf3tmzQljnTYrZCZsz4FPw9EcWeTyQ https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RAzTsKIL8A1n-qZtNQi2SFTrjoGO3ZfFsDETY2o3cs2k4 https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf http://id.crossref.org/issn/2451-8492 https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/dc/terms/title DWAEF: a deep weighted average ensemble framework harnessing novel indicators for sarcasm detection https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/pav/authoredBy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-8112 https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/pav/authoredBy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-1681 https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/pav/authoredBy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-209X https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/pav/authoredBy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-9691 https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://purl.org/pav/authoredBy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-4000 https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ResearchPaper https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-8112 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/04gzb2213 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-8112 http://schema.org/email prakher205723@keshav.du.ac.in https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-8112 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-8112 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Prakher Pandey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-1681 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/04gzb2213 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-1681 http://schema.org/email richasharma@keshav.du.ac.in https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-1681 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-1681 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Richa Sharma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-209X http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/04gzb2213 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-209X http://schema.org/email vishal205750@keshav.du.ac.in https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-209X http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-209X http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Vishal Maurya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-9691 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/04gzb2213 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-9691 http://schema.org/email simrat205711@keshav.du.ac.in https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-9691 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-9691 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Simrat Deol https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-4000 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/04gzb2213 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-4000 http://schema.org/email udit205805@keshav.du.ac.in https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-4000 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-4000 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Udit Kaushish https://ror.org/04gzb2213 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization https://ror.org/04gzb2213 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name University of Delhi, India https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#provenance https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-8112 https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-1681 https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-209X https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-9691 https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-4000 https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#pubinfo https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCjDGQCS1S+SRnERDuYDXOugdYUP0efEquHJEEHAbU/uLzBVlga89zqrNPCS7fBE6lArBUWEmT8eLKdMapyqvAzI1J3jUWTMhDJF+XFBkUiuiFfNSc4vJJcmi0yujtnuzXsRIG202jyaP4f5ULoskFwaZOSBZJfiE0dsB3D7DTIAQIDAQAB https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature Gv+dyIciWo5jp7Z9dLzBWlsfeh8vERiVDeRibXAbbU6urFvN8BTSMKsRsSiq7xDNKfvxdfuvLXsr4ktDzbYvq6xlh4T2f0rUQUZytq4sFeNH8zmc4W0bpo2b2OW5MCw9Hnm5digj0QBHfSXaLZZxSF35jRNC86G7gL92r7jSjUw= https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2023-08-21T13:24:56.821Z https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0234 https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ScholarlyWork https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-220058 https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/terms/DataScienceNanopub https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Article: DWAEF: a deep weighted average ensemble framewo... https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate http://purl.org/np/RAi6zZAwhaJ23Hzg4lIjlPir6Take3ZQp-lS9skfBEwfQ https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate http://purl.org/np/RA1Bt6rexAVYYygHgvy6dhSORO786VSu7sYkr7kX5oFIE https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate http://purl.org/np/RAA2MfqdBCzmz9yVWjKLXNbyfBNcwsMmOqcNUxkk1maIM https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate http://purl.org/np/RAh1gm83JiG5M6kDxXhaYT1l49nCzyrckMvTzcPn-iv90 https://w3id.org/kpxl/ios/ds/np/RA-dyreKi5fk6sXgmxTZn9rBzRmU9azGEiLTRhvXfqw5M https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate http://purl.org/np/RAh7KjtcCS1YYZtgvqDsOjDdGWOyG1Jmxy3_Iu2tVFr0g