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All rights reserved. http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/1.0/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title BEL Framework Large Corpus Document http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/1.0/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/pav/authoredBy http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#_5 http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/1.0/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://purl.org/pav/version 1.4 http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#_4 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value This, and presumably other, metabolic reactions of XOR have a far-reaching impact on cellular homeostasis, cellular protection from toxic compounds and also systemic protection, known as innate immunity. Uric acid and its oxidation product allantoin act as potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers, necessary to protect a cell from oxidative damage caused by numerous naturally occurring ROS and RNS [7, 8 and 9]. XOR has, therefore, important functions as a cellular defense enzyme against oxidative stress. Interestingly, XOR itself contributes to the synthesis of numerous ROS and RNS [1, 2, 5 and 6]. XOR exists in two forms, as xanthine dehydrogenase (XD; EC 1.1.1.204), which is the primary gene product of XOR, and as xanthine oxidase (XO; EC 1.1.3.22), which is formed through post-translational modifications of XD. XD favors the cofactor NAD+ as its primary electron acceptor, yet XO is unable to bind NAD+ and uses O2 as its electron acceptor. With both forms, but particularly with the XO form, numerous ROS and RNS are synthesized [1, 2, 5 and 6]. http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#_4 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12967676 http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#_5 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Selventa http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPrimarySource http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12967676 http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom http://resource.belframework.org/belframework/1.0/knowledge/large_corpus.bel http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#_4 http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc#pubinfo http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2014-07-03T14:30:16.437+02:00 http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc http://purl.org/pav/createdBy http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-334X http://www.tkuhn.ch/bel2nanopub/RAaYUYRwyNFWzGv14spohOiOBV7uUpONt-yoCrS5-OsXc http://purl.org/pav/createdBy http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0234