. . . . . . . . . . . "a(CHEBI:lipopolysaccharide) -> r(MGI:Il12b)" . "Approximately 61,000 statements." . "Copyright (c) 2011-2012, Selventa. All rights reserved." . "BEL Framework Large Corpus Document" . . "1.4" . "There is increasing evidence that histamine affects dendritic cell (DC) activation, maturation, and preference for Th1/Th2 differentiation. In this paper we report that histamine affects interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-6 production in an immature DC (iDC) line derived from murine spleen. Histamine treatment of iDC significantly increased the IL-12 p40 mRNA and protein levels compared to histamine untreated iDC. In the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha histamine also increased IL-12 p40 and IL-6 production. However, histamine significantly decreased IL-12 p40 production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DC in a concentration dependent manner. When expressions of histamine H1 (H1R) and H2 (H2R) receptors in DC were analyzed by RT-PCR, both receptors were down-regulated after LPS or TNF-alpha stimulation compared to unstimulated iDC. Histamine treatment significantly increased the expression of H2R mRNA in iDC and H1R mRNA in LPS-activated DC. However, histamine treatment decreased the expression of both histamine receptors in TNF-alpha-stimulated DC. Similar results were obtained by flow cytometry with FITC-conjugated histamine. These results demonstrate that histamine can regulate the expression of its own receptors and activate iDC, which may influence subsequent functional states of mature DC in a maturation signal-dependent manner. Consequently, histamine may contribute to an immune response outcome." . . "Selventa" . . . . "2014-07-03T14:30:17.670+02:00"^^ . . .