sub:provenance {
  beldoc: dce:description "Approximately 61,000 statements." ;
    dce:rights "Copyright (c) 2011-2012, Selventa. All rights reserved." ;
    dce:title "BEL Framework Large Corpus Document" ;
    pav:authoredBy sub:_5 ;
    pav:version "1.4" .
  sub:_4 prov:value "Moreover, because metformin has protective effects on nondiabetic beta-cells exposed to high glucose or free fatty acid levels, we investigated its direct action on T2D islet cells. Diabetic islets were characterized by reduced insulin content, decreased amount of mature insulin granules, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduced insulin mRNA expression, and increased apoptosis with enhanced caspase-3 and -8 activity. These alterations were associated with increased oxidative stress, as shown by higher nitrotyrosine concentrations, increased expression of protein kinase C-beta2 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced-oxidase," ;
    prov:wasQuotedFrom pubmed:15531508 .
  sub:_5 rdfs:label "Selventa" .
  sub:assertion prov:hadPrimarySource pubmed:15531508 ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom beldoc: , sub:_4 .
}